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Introduction

An aircraft is constructed of many parts, or structural members, that are either riveted, bolted, screwed, bonded, or welded together. These structural members form units or assemblies, and they are then designated principal airframe parts. Individual structural members may vary in size, shape, or composition; however, the principal airframe parts they form are readily identified on any conventional aircraft as illustrated in Figures 1-1 and 1-2.

Figure 1-1. Principal Airframe Parts (Airplane).

Figure 1-2. Principal Airframe Parts (Helicopter).

Some aircraft manufacturers may use different names for the parts of an airplane or helicopter airframe, but the names shown in the figures are understood internationally. A working knowledge of the location, construction, and purpose of the various structural units of the aircraft is the basis for an intelligent approach to airframe repair.

This chapter, divided into four sections, describes airframe parts, metal qualities and stresses, metal-working processes, and aviation hardware.

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